THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF X-RAYS IN MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING: A DEEP DIVE INTO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
Keywords:
X-Ray Imaging, Medical Decision-Making, Diagnostic Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), Digital Imaging in Medicine, Medical Ethics and Legalities, Radiation Safety, Future of Diagnostic Imaging, Technological Advancements, Clinical Applications
Abstract
This article explores the pivotal role of X-ray imaging in medical decision-making, offering a comprehensive overview of its historical evolution, technical aspects, and contemporary applications. The initial section delves into the discovery and technological advancements of X-rays, setting the stage for understanding their significance in modern medicine. The core of the article focuses on the integral role of X-rays in diagnosis, highlighting their precision and reliability through various case studies. It examines different types of X-ray procedures, including traditional radiography and advanced computed tomography (CT) scans, elucidating their specific applications in clinical settings. Significant attention is given to the latest innovations in X-ray technology, particularly the shift towards digital imaging and its impact on diagnostic accuracy and patient care. The article also discusses the critical role of X-rays in treatment planning, from surgical preparations to monitoring ongoing treatments. Safety and risk management, especially concerning radiation exposure, are addressed comprehensively, alongside ethical and legal considerations in X-ray usage. The conclusion offers insights into future trends and potential technological advancements in X-ray imaging, suggesting a continuously evolving impact on medical protocols and patient outcomes.
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References
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[45]. Esquivel, Andrea et al. “Photon-Counting Detector CT: Key Points Radiologists Should Know.” Korean journal of radiology vol. 23,9 (2022): 854-865. doi:10.3348/kjr.2022.0377
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[2]. Kemerink, G.J., Kütterer, G., Wright, A. et al. Forgotten electrical accidents and the birth of shockproof X-ray systems. Insights Imaging 4, 513–523 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-013-0238-8
[3]. Hussain, Shah et al. “Modern Diagnostic Imaging Technique Applications and Risk Factors in the Medical Field: A Review.” BioMed research international vol. 2022 5164970. 6 Jun. 2022, doi:10.1155/2022/5164970
[4]. Rednam M, Tiwari V. Fluoroscopy Orthopedic Assessment, Protocols, and Interpretation. [Updated 2023 Aug 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573065/
[5]. FDA, Computed Tomography (CT). U.S food and drug administration, 2023. Available at:
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[7]. Mainprize JG, Yaffe MJ, Chawla T, Glanc P. Effects of ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023;48(5):1564-1578. doi:10.1007/s00261-023-03861-w.
[8]. Bardo DM, Brown P. Cardiac multidetector computed tomography: basic physics of image acquisition and clinical applications. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2008;4(3):231-243. doi:10.2174/157340308785160615
[9]. Shapiro L, Harish M, Hargreaves B, Staroswiecki E, Gold G. Advances in musculoskeletal MRI: technical considerations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36(4):775-787. doi:10.1002/jmri.23629
[10]. Carovac A, Smajlovic F, Junuzovic D. Application of ultrasound in medicine. Acta Inform Med. 2011;19(3):168-171. doi:10.5455/aim.2011.19.168-171
[11]. Gallamini A, Zwarthoed C, Borra A. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Oncology. Cancers (Basel). 2014;6(4):1821-1889. Published 2014 Sep 29. doi:10.3390/cancers6041821
[12]. Powell R, Scott NW, Manyande A, et al. Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(5):CD008646. Published 2016 May 26. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008646.pub2
[13]. Michael Emmerling, Hung-Jui Tan, Joseph Shirk, Marc A. Bjurlin, Applications of 3-dimensional virtual reality models (Ceevra®) for surgical planning of robotic surgery, Urology Video Journal, Volume 18, 2023, 100220, ISSN 2590-0897, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolvj.2023.100220.
[14]. Ahuja AS. The impact of artificial intelligence in medicine on the future role of the physician. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7702. Published 2019 Oct 4. doi:10.7717/peerj.7702
[15]. Berger M, Yang Q, Maier A. X-ray Imaging. 2018 Aug 3. In: Maier A, Steidl S, Christlein V, et al., editors. Medical Imaging Systems: An Introductory Guide [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2018. Chapter 7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546155/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-96520-8_7
[16]. Tafti D, Maani CV. Radiation X-ray Production 24.9.2019.Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537046/
[17]. Cruz R. Digital radiography, image archiving and image display: Practical tips. Can Vet J. 2008;49(11):1122-1123.
[18]. Frane N, Bitterman A. Radiation Safety and Protection. [Updated 2023 May 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557499/
[19]. Thippeswamy PB, Rajasekaran RB. Imaging in polytrauma - Principles and current concepts. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020;16:106-113. Published 2020 Dec 5. doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.12.006
[20]. Christine Frank, Brian Krans. Dental X-rays (radiographs) are images of your teeth that your dentist uses to evaluate your oral health. These X-rays are used with low levels of radiation to capture images of the interior of your teeth and gums.2022, available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-x-rays
[21]. Kruk, Margaret E et al. “High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution.” The Lancet. Global health vol. 6,11 (2018): e1196-e1252. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
[22]. Gonera-Furman, Aleksandra et al. “Osteosarcopenia-The Role of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in Diagnostics.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 11,9 2522. 30 Apr. 2022, doi:10.3390/jcm11092522
[23]. Penelope Allisy-Roberts, Jerry Williams, Chapter 5 - Digital radiography, Editor(s): Penelope Allisy-Roberts, Jerry Williams, Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging (Second Edition), W.B. Saunders, 2008, Pages 79-90, ISBN 9780702028441, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-2844-1.50009-0.
[24]. Garvey, Conall J, and Rebecca Hanlon. “Computed tomography in clinical practice.” BMJ (Clinical research ed.) vol. 324,7345 (2002): 1077-80. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7345.1077
[25]. Blake, Glen M, and Ignac Fogelman. “The role of DXA bone density scans in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.” Postgraduate medical journal vol. 83,982 (2007): 509-17. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.057505.
[26]. Jain, Supreet et al. “New evolution of cone-beam computed tomography in dentistry: Combining digital technologies.” Imaging science in dentistry vol. 49,3 (2019): 179-190. doi:10.5624/isd.2019.49.3.179
[27]. Najjar R. Redefining Radiology: A Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Imaging. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(17):2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172760
[28]. Ngan, Tsz-Lung et al. “The Enhanced Workflow and Efficiency of the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)-Based Direct Digital Radiography (DDR) Portable Radiography.” Journal of digital imaging vol. 28,3 (2015): 302-8. doi:10.1007/s10278-014-9764-2
[29]. Shen F, Sergi C. Sputum Analysis. [Updated 2023 Feb 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563195/
[30]. Sun, Z et al. “Coronary CT angiography: current status and continuing challenges.” The British journal of radiology vol. 85,1013 (2012): 495-510. doi:10.1259/bjr/15296170
[31]. Sun, Boyang et al. “Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Ailments.” Journal of imaging vol. 9,6 115. 8 Jun. 2023, doi:10.3390/jimaging9060115
[32]. Kaplan, Henry G et al. “Effect of treatment and mammography detection on breast cancer survival over time: 1990-2007.” Cancer vol. 121,15 (2015): 2553-61. doi:10.1002/cncr.29371
[33]. Daldrup-Link, Heike E et al. “White Paper on P4 Concepts for Pediatric Imaging.” Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR vol. 13,5 (2016): 590-597.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2015.10.028
[34]. Kumar, Nishikant et al. “How to interpret postoperative X-rays after total knee arthroplasty.” Orthopaedic surgery vol. 6,3 (2014): 179-86. doi:10.1111/os.12123
[35]. Beaton, Laura et al. “How rapid advances in imaging are defining the future of precision radiation oncology.” British journal of cancer vol. 120,8 (2019): 779-790. doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0412-y
[36]. Saeed, Maythem et al. “MR fluoroscopy in vascular and cardiac interventions (review).” The international journal of cardiovascular imaging vol. 28,1 (2012): 117-37. doi:10.1007/s10554-010-9774-1
[37]. Manda YR, Baradhi KM. Cardiac Catheterization Risks and Complications. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531461/
[38]. Erdelyi, Ralph-Alexandru et al. “Dental Diagnosis and Treatment Assessments: Between X-rays Radiography and Optical Coherence Tomography.” Materials (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 13,21 4825. 28 Oct. 2020, doi:10.3390/ma13214825
[39]. European Society of Radiology (ESR). and European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). “Patient Safety in Medical Imaging: a joint paper of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS).” Insights into imaging vol. 10,1 45. 5 Apr. 2019, doi:10.1186/s13244-019-0721-y
[40]. Frane N, Bitterman A. Radiation Safety and Protection. [Updated 2023 May 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557499/
[41]. White, Mary C et al. “Age and cancer risk: a potentially modifiable relationship.” American journal of preventive medicine vol. 46,3 Suppl 1 (2014): S7-15. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.029
[42]. Lin C-S, Chan P-C, Huang K-H, Lu C-F, Chen Y-F, Lin Chen Y-O. Guidelines for reducing image retakes of general digital radiography. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2016;8(4). doi:10.1177/1687814016644127
[43]. Andreucci, Michele et al. “Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention.” BioMed research international vol. 2014 (2014): 741018. doi:10.1155/2014/741018
[44]. Farzanegan, Zahra et al. “Evaluating the principles of radiation protection in diagnostic radiologic examinations: collimation, exposure factors and use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions.” Journal of medical radiation sciences vol. 67,2 (2020): 119-127. doi:10.1002/jmrs.384
[45]. Esquivel, Andrea et al. “Photon-Counting Detector CT: Key Points Radiologists Should Know.” Korean journal of radiology vol. 23,9 (2022): 854-865. doi:10.3348/kjr.2022.0377
[46]. Frija, Guy et al. “How to improve access to medical imaging in low- and middle-income countries ?.” EClinicalMedicine vol. 38 101034. 17 Jul. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101034
[47]. Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care; Board on Health Care Services; Institute of Medicine; The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Balogh EP, Miller BT, Ball JR, editors. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2015 Dec 29. 2, The Diagnostic Process. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338593/
Published
2022-10-17
How to Cite
Abdullah, A. M. S., Abdulrahman, A. H. M., Daghiman, A. S. M., Naji, A. S. B., & Husayyan, A. E. F. (2022). THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF X-RAYS IN MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING: A DEEP DIVE INTO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING. IJRDO -JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING, 8(11), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v8i11.5916
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