HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA ON GRAVID AND POST-PARTUM UTERUS
Abstract
Diseases have afflicted man for ages but humans always make effort to remedy the situation in order to regain a life disturbed by these ailments. The earliest form of healing substances had been Traditional (herbal) medicines, but with the advent of civilization which had led to better scientific understanding of diseases and medications, orthodox medicines have become the main and well recognized products for the management of diseases in modern health systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citrus aurantifolia (lime plant) on gravid and non-gravid uterus of female wistar rats and their pups. A total of 50 Wistar rats were used in carrying out the experiment and classified into two Models. Each group in Model 1 contained 8 rats each, while in the Model 2, each group comprised 5 rats. The body weight of the rats were measured and recorded weekly. Group I-III in model 1 received 1ml/kg, 1.5 ml/kg and 2 ml/kg respectively, two rats from each group were euthanized at 7, 14 and 21 days to observe acute, subacute and chronic effect, group IV (control) received food and distilled water only. While in model 2, group I rats commenced 1 ml/kg of aqueous lime juice from the first day of gestation, group II received 1 ml/kg of aqueous lime 1week after gestation and group III were administered food and water. The histomorphological study of the uterus revealed deleterious effect of lime juice in a dose dependent pattern and Hormonal assay carried out showed a reduction in gonadotrophin level. In conclusion, high consumption of Lime juice compromises the outcome of pregnancy in the treated rats by the reduction in the crown rump length and weight of pups.
Downloads
References
[2] Adegoke, S. A., Oyelami, O. A. (2011). Effects of Lime juice on malaria parasite clearance, Phytotherapy Research. 25(10):1547-50
[3] Adina, A., Goenadi, F., Handoko, F., Nawangsari, D., Hermawan, A and Jenie, R. (2014). Combination of ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantifolia peels with doxorubicin modulate cell cycle and increase apoptosis induction on MCF-7 cells. Iranian Journal Pharmaceutical Research. 13:919–26.
[4] Aibinu, I., Adenipekun, T., Adelowotan, T., Ogunsanya, T. and Odugbemi, T. (2007). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. African Journal of Traditional Complement and Alternative Medicine. 4(2):185-90.
[5] Airat, A. B., Rosemary, B. B., Chika, A. O. and Francis, I. D. (2012). Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia): Effect on fetal parameters of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2 (5)114-116.
[6] Akhtar, S. (2013). Evaluation of Cardiovascular Effects of Citrus aurantifolia (Linn.) Fruit. Social Science Research Network: Retrieved from: American Physiological Society. Guiding principles for research involving animals and human beings. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 283:R281-R283.
[7] Akpantah, A., Oremosu, A., Ajala, M., Noronha, C. and Okanlawon, A., (2003). The effect of crude extract of Garcinia kola seed on the histology and hormonal milieu of male Sprague-Dawley rats’ reproductive organs. Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical. Sciences; 2(1):40- 46. 11.
[8] Al-Qattan, M. and Al-Qattan, A. (2018). Physiological Functions, and an Emphasis on its Potential Clinical Applications in Various Diseases. Journal of College Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 783-790.
[9] Ameer, M. A., Fagan, S. E. and Sosa-Stanley, J. N. (2021). Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Uterus. StatPearls Publishing.
[10] Aprioku, J. S. and Briggs, O. E. (2018). Citrus aurantifolia (Lime) Juice Negatively Influences Estrous Cycle of Wistar Rats. Journal Of Pharmacy. 8 (1) 38-43.
[11] Aranganathan, S. and Nalini, N., (2013), Antiproliferative efficacy of hesperetin (Citrus flavonoid) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. Phytotherapy Research. 27:999–1005.
[12] Arul, D. and Subramanian, P. (2013), Inhibitory effect of naringenin (Citrus flavanone) on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications. 434:203–9.
[13] Asnaashari, S., Delazar, A., Habibi, B., Vasfi, R., Nahar, L. and Hamedeyazdan, S. (2010). Essential oil from Citrus aurantifolia prevents ketotifen-induced weight-gain in mice. Phytotherapeutic Resource. 24(12):1893-1897.
[14] Bae, J., Lee, E. and Guyatt, G. (2008), Citrus fruit intake and stomach cancer risk. A quantitative systematic review. 11:23–32.
[15] Bakare, A., Bassey, R., Okoko, I., Sanyaolu, A., Ashamu, A. and Ademola, A. (2012). Effect of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on histomorphological alterations of the ovaries and uterus of cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats. European Journal of Scientific Research. 67(4):607- 616.
[16] Bendich, A., Machlina, L., Scandurraa, O., Burtonb, O. and Wayner, D. (1986). The antioxidant role of vitamin C. Advances in Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2(2):419-44.
[17] Bhardwaj, J. K., Mittal, M., Saraf, P. and Kumari, P. (2018). Pesticides induced oxidative stress and female infertility: A review. Toxin Review. 1-13.
[18] Biggs, M. A., Rowland, B., McCulloch, C. E. and Foster, D. G. (2016). Does abortion increase women's risk for post-traumatic stress? Findings from a prospective longitudinal cohort study. British Medical Journal. 6(2):e009698.
[19] Boshtam, M., Moshtaghian, J., Naderi, G., Asgary, S. and Nayeri, H. (2011). Antioxidant effects of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) juice and peel extract on LDL oxidation. Journal of Resource and Medical Science. 16(7):951-955.
[20] Breton, B., Kann, G., Burzawa-Ge´rard, E. and Billard, R. (1971). Dosage radioimmunologique d’une gonadotrope de carpe (Cyprinus carpio). Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Science Paris Series D. 272:1515–1517.
[21] Brown, D. (1995). The herb society of America- New Encyclopedia of Herbs and their uses. Darling, Kingsley Limited, London,.
[22] Camacho-Corona, M., Ramírez-Cabrera, M., Santiago, O., Garza-González, E., Palacios, I. and Luna-Herrera, J. (2008). Activity against drug resistant tuberculosis strains of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Phytotherapeutic Resource. 22(1):82-5.
[23] Castillo-Herrera, G., Farias-Alvarez, L., Garcia-Fajardo, J., Delgado-Saucedo, J., Puebla-Perez, A. and Lugo-Cervantes, E. (2015). Bioactive extracts of Citrus aurantifolia swingle seeds obtained by supercritical CO2 and organic solvents comparing its cytotoxic activity against L5178Y leukemia lymphoblasts. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 101:81–6.
[24] Chaiyana, W. and Okonogi, S. (2012). Inhibition of cholinesterase by essential oil from food plant. Phytomedicine. 19(8-9):836-9.
[25] Chaudhry, S. and Chaudhry, K. (2021) Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Uterus Round Ligament, StatPearls Publishing. 29763145
[26] Chidambara, Murthy, K., Jayaprakasha, G. and Patil B. (2013), Citrus limonoids and curcumin additively inhibit human colon cancer cells. Food and Function Journal. 4:803–10.
[27] Colker, C. and Kalman, D. (1999). Effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract, caffeine and St John’s wort on body fat loss, lipid levels and mood states in overweight healthy adults. Current Therapeutic Research Journal. 60:145-153.
[28] Craig, M., Sudanagunta, S. and Billow, M. (2020). Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Broad Ligaments, StatPearls Publishing PubMed.
[29] Dare, B., Beremako, O., Omotoso, O., Olaniyan, O., Shafe, M. and Ifeonu, S. (2015). Lime Juice Induces Ovarian Follicle Degeneration and Reduces Serum Gonadotrophin Level in Rats Model. International STD Research & Reviews. 3(2): 45-51.
[30] David, A., Arulmoli, R. and Parasuraman, R. (2016). Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid. Pharmacognosy Review. 10(20):84-89.
[31] De Castillo, M., De Allori, C., De Gutierrez, R., De Saab, O., De Fernandez, N., De Ruiz. C., Holgado, A. and De Nader, O. (2000). Bactericidal activity of lemon juice and lemon derivatives against Vibrio cholerae. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 23(10): 1235-1238.
Copyright (c) 2023 IJRDO -JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJRDO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
