ASSESSING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE IMPACT ON FLASH FLOODS IN KASARANI CONSTITUENCY, KENYA
Abstract
Kasarani Constituency in Nairobi County, Kenya is one of the areas that experienced frequent flash floods over the last decade. Anthropogenic activities such as the construction of roads, buildings, and industrialization are identified as key drivers of change in LULC. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of LULC change on flooding in the Kasarani constituency by comparing Spectral indices from Landsat images captured before, during, and after floods between 2013 and 2020. The value of NDVI and MSAVI indices declined during flood days indicating that the vegetation was covered with water while the NDMI value increased during flood days indicating a water-logged surface. The Digital Elevation Model of the study area was created to identify the low-lying areas and river channels that were identified as high flood risk areas. In order to reduce vulnerability to frequent floods, there is a need to identify safe areas for evacuation as well as raised areas for settlement.
Downloads
References
Abuya, D. O. (2020). Management Of The Effects Of Land Use Changes On Urban Infrastructure Capacity: A Case Study Of Ruaka Town, Kiambu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Acha, S. and Aishetu, A. (2018). Spatio-temporal changes of land use land cover dynamics and its implication on urban flood vulnerability in Makurdi, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 10(2), 65-69.
Aljahdali, M. O., Munawar, S., and Khan, W. R. (2021). Monitoring mangrove forest degradation and regeneration: Landsat time series analysis of moisture and vegetation indices at Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea. Forests, 12(1), 52.
Barnsley, M. J., and Barr, S. L. (2000). Monitoring urban land use by earth observation. Surveys in Geophysics, 21(2), 269-289.
Brody, S. D., Highfield, W. E., and Kang, J. E. (2011). Rising waters: The causes and consequences of flooding in the United States. Cambridge University Press.
Cui, X.; Gibbes, C.; Southworth, J.; Waylen, P.; Cui, X.; Gibbes, C.; Southworth, J.; Waylen, P.(2013). Using Remote Sensing to Quantify Vegetation Change and Ecological Resilience in a Semi-Arid System. Land, 2(1), 108–130
Dammalage, T. L., and Jayasinghe, N. T. (2019). Land-use change and its impact on urban flooding: A case study on Colombo district flood on May 2016. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(2), 3887-3891.
Dewan, A. M., and Yamaguchi, Y. (2009). Land use and land cover change in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh: Using remote sensing to promote sustainable urbanization. Applied geography, 29(3), 390-401.
Dwyer, J. L., Roy, D. P., Sauer, B., Jenkerson, C. B., Zhang, H. K., and Lymburner, L .(2018). Analysis ready data: enabling analysis of the Landsat archive. Remote Sensing, 10(9), 1363.
Ejikeme, J., Igbokwe, J., Igbokwe, E., and Paul, C. (2020). Application of Knowledge-Based Image Classification and Ca-Markov Chain Prediction Model for Landuse/Landcover Change Analysis of Onitsha and Environs, Anambra State. Int. J. Adv. Res. Publ, 4(1), 22-28.
Emmett, K. D., Renwick, K. M., and Poulter, B. (2019). Disentangling climate and disturbance effects on regional vegetation greening trends. Ecosystems, 22(4), 873-891.
Guzha, A. C., Rufino, M. C., Okoth, S., Jacobs, S., and Nóbrega, R. L. B. (2018). Impacts of land use and land cover change on surface runoff, discharge and low flows: Evidence from East Africa. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 15(1), 49-67.
Hemati, M., Hasanlou, M., Mahdianpari, M., and Mohammadimanesh, F. (2021). A systematic review of landsat data for change detection applications: 50 years of monitoring the earth. Remote Sensing, 13(15), 1-33.
Hussein, K., Alkaabi, K., Ghebreyesus, D., Liaqat, M. U., and Sharif, H. O. (2020). Land use/land cover change along the Eastern Coast of the UAE and its impact on flooding risk. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 11(1), 112-130.
Idowu, D., and Zhou, W. (2021). Land Use and Land Cover Change Assessment in the Context of Flood Hazard in Lagos State, Nigeria. Water, 13(8), 1-17.
KNBS. (2019). 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census. Nairobi.
Lauer, D. T., Morain, S. A., and Salomonson, V. V. (1997). The Landsat program: Its origins, evolution, and impacts. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 63(7),831- 838.
Lee, Y., and Brody, S. D. (2018). Examining the impact of land use on flood losses in Seoul, Korea. Land use policy, 70, 500-509.
Li, C. (2012). Ecohydrology and good urban design for urban storm water-logging in Beijing, China. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, 12(4), 287-300.
Li, C., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Shi, T., Qu, X., and Walter, M. T. (2018). Effects of urbanization on direct runoff characteristics in urban functional zones. Science of the Total Environment, 643(1), 301-311.
Li, G., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wei, H., Ochir, A., Davaasuren, D., and Nasanbat, E. (2019). Spatial and temporal variations in grassland production from 2006 to 2015 in Mongolia along the China–Mongolia railway. Sustainability, 11(7), 2177.
Lulla, K., Nellis, M. D., Rundquist, B., Srivastava, P. K., and Szabo, S. (2021). Mission to earth: LANDSAT 9 will continue to view the world. Geocarto International, 36(20), 2261-2263.
Masese, A., Neyole, E., and Ombachi, N. (2016). Loss and Damage from Flooding in Lower Nyando Basin, Kisumu County, Kenya. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 4(3), 9-22.
Mishra, N. B., and Mainali, K. P. (2017). Greening and browning of the Himalaya: Spatial patterns and the role of climatic change and human drivers. Science of the Total Environment, 587, 326-339.
Muema, R., and Officer, C. (2016). Nairobi City County Development Plans and Policies. Nairobi: Kenya Property Developers Association.
Mundia, C. N. (2017). Nairobi metropolitan area. In Urban development in Asia and Africa (pp. 293-317). Springer, Singapore.
Mundia, C. N., and Aniya, M. (2006). Dynamics of land use/cover changes and degradation of Nairobi City, Kenya. Land Degradation & Development, 17(1), 97-108.
Muthusi,N.N.; Dulo,S.O. and Ndiba, P. K.(2020) Runoff Estimation for an Urban Area using SCS-CN Method, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Approach: A Case Study of Mavoko Municipality, Kenya.International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology,9(4), 854-859.
Mwathi, P. M. (2016). Effects of land use and land cover dynamics on environmental quality of Nairobi city and its environs (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Okaka, F. O., and Odhiambo, B. (2018). Relationship between flooding and outbreak of infectious diseases in Kenya: a review of the literature. Journal of environmental and public health, 2018(1),1-8.
Okoola, R. E. (1996). Space-time characteristics of the ITCZ over equatorial Eastern Africa during anomalous rainfall years. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
Olmos-Trujillo, E., González-Trinidad, J., Júnez-Ferreira, H., Pacheco-Guerrero, A., Bautista-Capetillo, C., Avila-Sandoval, C., and Galván-Tejada, E. (2020). Spatio- temporal response of vegetation indices to rainfall and temperature in a semiarid region. Sustainability, 12(5), 1939.
Oyugi, M. O., Odenyo, V. A., and Karanja, F. N. (2017). The implications of land use and land cover dynamics on the environmental quality of Nairobi City, Kenya. American Journal of Geographic Information System, 6(3), 111-127.
Qi, J., Chehbouni, A., Huete, A. R., Kerr, Y. H., and Sorooshian, S. (1994). A modified soil adjusted vegetation index. Remote sensing of environment, 48(2), 119-126.
Sahu, A. S., and Bengal, N. W. (2018). Detection of water-logged areas using geoinformatics techniques and relationship study in Panskura-Tamluk flood plain (India). Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers, 40(1), 9-24.
Sakai, T., Hatta, S., Okumura, M., Hiyama, T., Yamaguchi, Y., and Inoue, G. (2015). Use of Landsat TM/ETM+ to monitor the spatial and temporal extent of spring breakup floods in the Lena River, Siberia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(3), 719-733.
Tucker, C. J. (1979). Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote sensing of Environment, 8(2), 127-150.
Vermote, E., Justice, C., Claverie, M., and Franch, B. (2016). Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product. Remote Sensing of Environment, 185, 46-56.
Wanyama, D., Moore, N. J., and Dahlin, K. M. (2020). Persistent vegetation greening and browning trends related to natural and human activities in the Mount Elgon ecosystem. Remote Sensing, 12(13), 2113.
Wulder, M. A., Loveland, T. R., Roy, D. P., Crawford, C. J., Masek, J. G., Woodcock, C. E., and Zhu, Z. (2019). Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications. Remote sensing of environment, 225(1), 127-147.
Zhu, Z., Wulder, M. A., Roy, D. P., Woodcock, C. E., Hansen, M. C., Radeloff, V. C., ... & Scambos, T. A. (2019). Benefits of the free and open Landsat data policy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 224(1), 382-385.
Zope, P. E., Eldho, T. I., and Jothiprakash, V. (2015). Impacts of urbanization on flooding of a coastal urban catchment: a case study of Mumbai City, India. Natural Hazards, 75(1), 887-908.
Zope, P. E., Eldho, T. I., and Jothiprakash, V. (2016). Impacts of land use–land cover change and urbanization on flooding: A case study of Oshiwara River Basin in Mumbai, India. Catena, 145, 142-154.
Internet Sources
Internet 1. https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-2-science-products.
Internet 2. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/real-estate/article/2000203048/.
Internet 3. https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/.
Internet 4. https://gadm.org.
Internet 5. https://en.climate-data.org/.
Copyright (c) 2022 IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJRDO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
