FOOD SECURITY AND POPULATION GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Food security, population policy, national security, population explosion, poverty
Abstract
There is growing knowledge that food security is hampered by population explosion in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper interrogates the interface between population growth rate and food security in Nigeria. Food insecurity does not only reflect on the number of times an individual can afford a meal in a day, it is also measured against the nutritional content. As population growth contributes annually about 4.5 million youths into the labour market, it raises the question of its implication on food security. Mechanized and export targeted agribusiness is adopted as contemporary policy measure to contain food insecurity. We ask, to what extent can mechanized and export oriented agribusiness address food insecurity in Nigeria. Two hundred and ten questionnaires respectively were administered to six farm settlements, three in Ekiti and Ondo South-West Nigeria known to be among the largest food producing states in Nigeria. The focus was on yam, cassava and fruits farmers using purposive sampling techniques. Access to land was not a major problem but other challenges like bad road, high cost of transportation, climate change and insufficient funds. Fear of imminent food insecurity was sustained necessitating advocacy on re-contextualization of the nexus between food security and population growth in Nigeria.
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References
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Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of cold war. World Politics, 48: 117-141.
Baldwin, D .A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 1: 5-26. 1
Beer, C. E.. (1976). The politics of peasant groups in Western Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press
Bongaarts, J. (1996). Population pressure and the food supply system in the developing world. Population and Development Review 22:483-503.
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Boserup, E. (1981). Population and Technological Change: A Study of Long-Term Trends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bremner, J. (2012). Population and Food Security: Africa’s Challenge, Policy Brief, Population Reference Bureau
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Burgess, P. J. (2008). Non-military security challenges. In Craig A. Snyder (ed), Contemporary security and strategy. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. pp 60-78. 2008.
Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. 2nd edn, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
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Harper, C. (1996). Environment and Society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hudson M. (2015). Killing the host: How financial parasites and debt destroy the global economy. Baskerville: ISLET-Verlag
Huysmans, J. (1998). Security! What do you mean? From concept to thick signifier. EuropeanJournal of International Relations 4, no. 2 : 226-255.
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International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD 2012). Nigeria IFAD. Annual report Retrieved from: http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/nigeria/resources. Accessed 11/3/2020
Iwu, H. N. (2015). Nigeria’s Population Policy, Unemployment and National Security’’. Journal of Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Jere R.J. (2014). How Africa can feed itself beyond food aid and corporate greed. New Africa. March , Issue 537, An Ic Publication.
Johari, J. C. (2015). International Relations and Politics: Theoretical Perspectives in the Post-Cold War Era, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Joseph Richard and Gillies Alexandra (2009). Smart aid for African development. Boulder London: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Joseph, W. A.(2010). China, in Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger and William A. Joseph. Introduction to comparative politics. WADSWORTH Gengage Learning
Kaldor, M. (2000). Global insecurity: restructuring the global military sector. London: Printer Vol. 3.
Kegley, C. W. Jr and Blanto, S. L. (2011) World Politics Trend and Transformation, 2010-2011 Edition, Wadsworth.
Makinwa-Adebusoye, P. K. (2014). Attaining a Demographic Dividend in Nigeria: How a Young Population Can Make Development Possible. Ibadan: Jodad Publishers.
Malthus, T (1798). An Essay on the Principle of Population. 6th Edition. John Murry, London, United Kingdom.
Mundi Index (2012). Country Facts and Figures. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/nigeria
Nnamdi, E. (2008). Trouble for a mega polygamist. The News. September 29. Vol.31. No. 12.
NewAfrican (2014). Interview with Yemi Akinbamijo, Executive Director FARA. No. 544
Ojebode, M (2017). Preserving Pollinator is Imperative for food Security. Financial Nigerian Magazine.
Okunmadewa, F. (2002). Food insecurity and poverty in Nigeria: Breaking the jinx” in K.C. Oni, M.O. Faborode, and A.P. Onwualu, (2002). Food security and poverty alleviation in West Africa: Option and action plan. Ghana: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology pp 2-12
Olayide Olajuwon S. (1980). Characteristics, problems and significance of farmers. In S. Olajuwon Olayide, J. A. Eweka & V. E. Bello-Osagie. Nigerian small farmers: problems and prospects in integrated rural development. University of Ibadan: Centre for Agricultural Rural and Development (CARD), PP 2-15
Oni, K.C, Faborode, M. O., and Onwualu, A. P. (2002). Food security and poverty alleviation in West Africa: Option and action plan. Kumasi Ghana: Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering. Kwame Nkurumah University of Science and Technology.
Ophuls, William, and Boyan, S.A (1992). Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity: Re-visited. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Orjiako H. (2000). Killing sub-Saharan Africa with aid. New York: NOVA Science Publishers, Inc
Pretty, J., Toulmin, C. and Williams, S. (2011).Sustainable intensification in African agriculture” In Julues Pretty, Camilla Toulmin and Stella Williams. Sustainable intensification: increasing productivity in African food and agricultural systems. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 9(1) 5-24.
Rapley J. (1996). Understanding development: Theory and practice in the Third World. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Reutlinger, S.(1986). Poverty and hunger: Issues and options for food security in developing countries. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Rosegrant M. W. and Cline, S. A. (2003). Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. New Series, Vol. 302, No. 5652, pp. 1917-1919
Scanlan, S. J. (2001). Food Availability and Access in Lesser-Industrialized Societies: A Test and Interpretation of Neo-Malthusian and Technoecological Theories. Springer: Sociological Forum, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 231-262
Simon, J. L. (1981). The Ultimate Resource. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Simon, J. L. (1990). Population Matters: People, Re-sources, Environment, and Immigration. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Smith D. W. (1998)_. Urban Food Systems and the Poor in Developing Countries. Blackwell: The Royal Geographical Society: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 207-219
Soucat, A., Elaheebocus, N. and Ncube, M. (2013). Overview of Africa’s rapidly changing human capital landscape. In Agnes Soucat and Mthuli Ncube (eds). One Billion People, One Billion Opportunities: Building Human Capital in Africa. Washington D.C. Communications Development Incorporated
Tell Magazine,(2008). Food crisis: hell is here. No. 18. May 5.
Todaro, P. M and Smith, S. (2011). Economic development. Addison-Wesley Pearson
Tweeten, L. G. (1997). Food security. In Luther G. Tweeten and Donald G. McClelland (eds.), Promoting Third-World Development and Food Security: 225-226. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Ukwu, J. W. (2015). IMF: Nigeria Now World’s 22nd Largest Economy’’, in Business and Economy News, NAIJ.com, Nov. 28, 2015
UNICEF Nigeria. (2019). UNICEF for every child. https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/nutrition. Accessed 11/3/2020
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Vanguard (2017). Nigeria to become 3rd most populous country by 2050 – UN report, June 21, 2017 available at https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/nigeria-become-3rd-populous-country-2050-un-report/
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Worldometer (2017) Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. (Medium-Fertility Variant). Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/
Wҩver, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization in Ronnie D. Lipschutz (ed). On Security. New York: Columbia University Press.
Abu, O. (2012) Food Security in Nigeria and South Africa. J Hum Ecol volume 38 (1) pp132-150
Adebayo, A. A (2010). Food Security Status in Nigeria: Pre and Post Deregulation Review’’, International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment. Vol. 1 (1) pp 132-150
Adejokun S. (2019). 4.5 million Nigerians joined labour force in 2018 ― World Bank. Tribuneonline.com. accessed 21/3/2020
Adekson,B. J. (1978).On the theory of modernising soldier: a critique. Current Research on Peace and Violence vol. 1, no. 1 (1978), pp. 28-40
Adeniyi, I. M.; Abdulrahaman, A. and Bello, A. I. (2009). Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme and Food Security in Nigeria. Journal of International Economic Review, Vol. 2 (1-2) pp167-176.
Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Agricultural Financing in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme in Nigeria (1978-2006). Journal of Economics, Vol. 3 (1) pp 39-48
Alkire, S,. (2003). A conceptual framework for human security. Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. Oxford University. Working Paper 2.
Babatunde, B. O and Ajayi, S. O (2010). Food Crisis and Population Growth in Nigeria. Leadership, Mentoring, Coaching and Motivation. Manager.
Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of cold war. World Politics, 48: 117-141.
Baldwin, D .A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 1: 5-26. 1
Beer, C. E.. (1976). The politics of peasant groups in Western Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press
Bongaarts, J. (1996). Population pressure and the food supply system in the developing world. Population and Development Review 22:483-503.
Booth, K. (2005). “Critical security studies and world politics”. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Boserup, E. (1981). Population and Technological Change: A Study of Long-Term Trends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bremner, J. (2012). Population and Food Security: Africa’s Challenge, Policy Brief, Population Reference Bureau
Brown, L. (1997). Redefining national security. Worldwatch Paper, Washington: Worldwatch Institute.
Burgess, P. J. (2008). Non-military security challenges. In Craig A. Snyder (ed), Contemporary security and strategy. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. pp 60-78. 2008.
Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. 2nd edn, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Castles F. G. (2007). Introduction” in Francis G. Castles, The disappearing state: entrenchment realities in age of globalization. USA: Edward Elgar
Cohen, J. E. (1995). How Many People Can the Earth Support? New York: W.W. Norton.
Dalby, S. (1997). Contesting an essential concepts: reading the dilemmas in contemporary security discourse”, in Krause, K. and Williams, M.C. (eds). Critical security studies: concepts and cases. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Dalby, S. (2000). Geopolitical change and contemporary security studies: contextualizing the human agenda”. Working Paper No. 30, Vancouver: Institute of International Relations. The University of British Columbia.
Der Derian, J. (1993). The value of security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard, in Ronnie D. Lipschutz (ed). On Security. New York: Columbia University Press.
Djerassi C. (1979). The politics of contraception: A global perspective on fertility control today and into the twenty-first century. Canada: George J. McLeod
Ehrlich, P. R and Ehrlich, Anne. H. (1990). The population Explosion: From Global Warming To Rain Forest Destruction, famine, and Air and Water Pollution- why overpopulation is our no.1 environmental problem. New York: Simon and Schuster
Eme, O. I., Onyishi, T., Okala A. & Uche, I.B (2014) . Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria: Options Before Government’’, Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter). Vol. 4, No.1.
Ero, O. (2013). We will never accept abortion law. Tell Magazine, No 41. October 14.
Gee, E. M. (1999). Population Growth. Retrieved from: http://www.deathreference.com/Nu-Pu/population-Growth.html#b#ixzz2ICoYU8el. Retrieved on 19th January, 2013.
Gueye, M, Abdelkarim O. B. and Diop Ly M. (2013). Modernizing agriculture in Agnes Soucat and Mthuli Ncube (eds). One Billion People, One Billion Opportunities: Building Human Capital in Africa. Washington D.C. Communications Development Incorporated
Harper, C. (1996). Environment and Society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hudson M. (2015). Killing the host: How financial parasites and debt destroy the global economy. Baskerville: ISLET-Verlag
Huysmans, J. (1998). Security! What do you mean? From concept to thick signifier. EuropeanJournal of International Relations 4, no. 2 : 226-255.
Inter-Agency Regional Analysis Network, (2016). Nigeria trend analysis: Challenges and opportunities of the demographic shift and its link to stunting: An outlook to 2030 Central & West Africa Report/.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD 2012). Nigeria IFAD. Annual report Retrieved from: http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/nigeria/resources. Accessed 11/3/2020
Iwu, H. N. (2015). Nigeria’s Population Policy, Unemployment and National Security’’. Journal of Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Iwuchukwu, J.C and Igbokwe, E.M (2012).’Lessons from Agricultural Policies and Programsin Nigeria, Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization (online) retrieved on 10th January, available at www.iiste.org. Vol. 5 (2012)
Jere R.J. (2014). How Africa can feed itself beyond food aid and corporate greed. New Africa. March , Issue 537, An Ic Publication.
Johari, J. C. (2015). International Relations and Politics: Theoretical Perspectives in the Post-Cold War Era, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Joseph Richard and Gillies Alexandra (2009). Smart aid for African development. Boulder London: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Joseph, W. A.(2010). China, in Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger and William A. Joseph. Introduction to comparative politics. WADSWORTH Gengage Learning
Kaldor, M. (2000). Global insecurity: restructuring the global military sector. London: Printer Vol. 3.
Kegley, C. W. Jr and Blanto, S. L. (2011) World Politics Trend and Transformation, 2010-2011 Edition, Wadsworth.
Makinwa-Adebusoye, P. K. (2014). Attaining a Demographic Dividend in Nigeria: How a Young Population Can Make Development Possible. Ibadan: Jodad Publishers.
Malthus, T (1798). An Essay on the Principle of Population. 6th Edition. John Murry, London, United Kingdom.
Mundi Index (2012). Country Facts and Figures. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/nigeria
Nnamdi, E. (2008). Trouble for a mega polygamist. The News. September 29. Vol.31. No. 12.
NewAfrican (2014). Interview with Yemi Akinbamijo, Executive Director FARA. No. 544
Ojebode, M (2017). Preserving Pollinator is Imperative for food Security. Financial Nigerian Magazine.
Okunmadewa, F. (2002). Food insecurity and poverty in Nigeria: Breaking the jinx” in K.C. Oni, M.O. Faborode, and A.P. Onwualu, (2002). Food security and poverty alleviation in West Africa: Option and action plan. Ghana: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology pp 2-12
Olayide Olajuwon S. (1980). Characteristics, problems and significance of farmers. In S. Olajuwon Olayide, J. A. Eweka & V. E. Bello-Osagie. Nigerian small farmers: problems and prospects in integrated rural development. University of Ibadan: Centre for Agricultural Rural and Development (CARD), PP 2-15
Oni, K.C, Faborode, M. O., and Onwualu, A. P. (2002). Food security and poverty alleviation in West Africa: Option and action plan. Kumasi Ghana: Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering. Kwame Nkurumah University of Science and Technology.
Ophuls, William, and Boyan, S.A (1992). Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity: Re-visited. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Orjiako H. (2000). Killing sub-Saharan Africa with aid. New York: NOVA Science Publishers, Inc
Pretty, J., Toulmin, C. and Williams, S. (2011).Sustainable intensification in African agriculture” In Julues Pretty, Camilla Toulmin and Stella Williams. Sustainable intensification: increasing productivity in African food and agricultural systems. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 9(1) 5-24.
Rapley J. (1996). Understanding development: Theory and practice in the Third World. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Reutlinger, S.(1986). Poverty and hunger: Issues and options for food security in developing countries. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Rosegrant M. W. and Cline, S. A. (2003). Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. New Series, Vol. 302, No. 5652, pp. 1917-1919
Scanlan, S. J. (2001). Food Availability and Access in Lesser-Industrialized Societies: A Test and Interpretation of Neo-Malthusian and Technoecological Theories. Springer: Sociological Forum, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 231-262
Simon, J. L. (1981). The Ultimate Resource. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Simon, J. L. (1990). Population Matters: People, Re-sources, Environment, and Immigration. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Smith D. W. (1998)_. Urban Food Systems and the Poor in Developing Countries. Blackwell: The Royal Geographical Society: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 207-219
Soucat, A., Elaheebocus, N. and Ncube, M. (2013). Overview of Africa’s rapidly changing human capital landscape. In Agnes Soucat and Mthuli Ncube (eds). One Billion People, One Billion Opportunities: Building Human Capital in Africa. Washington D.C. Communications Development Incorporated
Tell Magazine,(2008). Food crisis: hell is here. No. 18. May 5.
Todaro, P. M and Smith, S. (2011). Economic development. Addison-Wesley Pearson
Tweeten, L. G. (1997). Food security. In Luther G. Tweeten and Donald G. McClelland (eds.), Promoting Third-World Development and Food Security: 225-226. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Ukwu, J. W. (2015). IMF: Nigeria Now World’s 22nd Largest Economy’’, in Business and Economy News, NAIJ.com, Nov. 28, 2015
UNICEF Nigeria. (2019). UNICEF for every child. https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/nutrition. Accessed 11/3/2020
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (1994). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.
Vanguard (2017). Nigeria to become 3rd most populous country by 2050 – UN report, June 21, 2017 available at https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/nigeria-become-3rd-populous-country-2050-un-report/
Wikipedia (2017) ‘’Food Security and Nigeria population’’. available at www.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/food_security.
Worldometer (2017) Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. (Medium-Fertility Variant). Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/
Wҩver, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization in Ronnie D. Lipschutz (ed). On Security. New York: Columbia University Press.
Published
2020-04-30
How to Cite
Hyacinth, I. N. (2020). FOOD SECURITY AND POPULATION GROWTH IN NIGERIA. IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 5(4), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v5i4.3616
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