The Kalinga Ethnic Identity Awareness
Abstract
Identity in terms of ethnicity, race, minority group status, gender, and sexual orientation is often constructed with class consciousness-group self-awareness in terms belonging to the same socioeconomic group. Moreover, it is a set of qualities and beliefs that make one person or group different from others. This study aimed to provide information on the views of the students of the Kalinga State University in terms of their Kalinga ethnic identity. The study determined that the students are much aware of their Kalinga ethnic identity however, the identified factors very much affected their identification. It is therefore recommended that schools may mandate the strict integration of the Kalinga history and culture in applicable subjects. On the other hand, the students/ the youth may start changing the negative perceptions of other people about the Kalingas. The Kalinga customs, practices and traditions that are deemed bad and have negative impacts must be changed or disregarded.
Downloads
References
Alejandro, Reynaldo G. Philippine Dance, Mainstream and Crosscurrents. Quezon City: Vera-Reyes, 1978.
Anima, Nid. And Now Comes…The Mountain Tribes. Quezon City: Omar Publications,1977.
Baradas, David, ed. Monpaot Cordillera Functional Sculpture. Bulwagang Fernando Amorsolo, Cultural Center of the Philippines, 4 February to 4 March 1991.
Barton, F.R. The Kalingas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
Benitez, Kristina. “Towards an Understanding of Gong-Drum Ensembles in Southeast Asia: A Study of Resultant Melodies in the Music of Two Gong Ensembles from the Philippines.” Master of Arts thesis, University of
Michigan, 1983.
Billiet, Francisco and Francis Lambrecht. Studies on Kalinga Ullalim and Ifugao Orthography. Baguio City:
The Catholic School Press, 1970.
Casal, Gabriel, Regalado Trota Jose Jr., Eric S. Casiño, George R. Ellis, Wilhelm G.Solheim II. The People and
Art of the Philippines. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Museum of Natural History,
Dacanay Jr., Julian E. Ethnic Houses and Philippine Artistic Expression. Manila: One Man Show Studio, 1988.
De los Reyes, Angelo and Aloma De los Reyes, eds. Ethnologies of Major Tribes: Igorot, A People Who
Daily Touch the Earth and the Sky. Baguio City: Cordillera Studies Group, 1987.
De Raedt, Jules. Kalinga Sacrifice. Cordillera Monograph 04.
Baguio: Cordillera Studies Center, University of the Philippines, 1989.
Demetrio, Francisco, Gilda Cordero-Fernando, Fernando N. Zialcita, Roberto B. Feleo. The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books, 1991.
Dozier, Edward P. Mountain Arbiters, The Changing Life of a Philippine Hill People. USA: University of Arizona
Press, 1966. ________. The Kalinga of Northern Luzon, Philippines. New York: Irvington Publishers, 1983.
Eugenio, Damiana L., ed. Philippine Folk Literature. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Folklorists
Inc., 1982. Folk Architecture.
Gabao, Larry A. “Ethnic Dances of Bontoc, Ifugao, Benguet, Apayao and Kalinga.” Master of Arts thesis, Philippine Normal College, 1988.
Lane, Robert F. Philippine Basketry: An Appreciation. Makati: Bookmark Inc., 1986.
Lang-Ay, P. L. D., Martin, J. G. S., Doctor, J. G. P., & Guidangen, J. S. (2013). Integration of Kalinga
Indigenous Law in the Implementation of Modern Criminal Law in Tabuk City. IAMURE International
Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1).
http://iamure.com/publication/index.php/ijss/article/view/397 Accessed 13November 2013
Llamzon, Teodoro A. Handbook of Philippine Language Group. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University, 1978.
National Geographic Magazine, September 1912. NCCP-PACT. Sandugo. Manila: National Council of Churches in the Philippines, 1988.
Obusan, Ramon A. Research File on the Cordilleras. Orosa-Goquingco, Leonor. The Dances of the Emerald Isles.
Quezon City: Ben- Lor Publishers Inc., 1980.
Pfeiffer, William R. Music of the Philippines. Dumaguete City: Silliman Music Foundation Inc., 1975.
Prudente, Felicidad A. “Musical Processes in the Gasumbi Epic of the Buwaya Kalinga People of the Northern
Philippines.” Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Michigan, 1984. ________. “The Vocal
Tradition of the Buwaya Kalinga.” Kultura, Vol. II, No. 4 (1989), 37-43. RR’s Philippine Almanac: Book of
Facts 1990. Aurora Publications, 1990.
Reyes-Urtula, Lucrecia. The First Philippine Folk Festival. A Retrospection. Manila:Folk Arts Theater, 1981.
Saboy, Scott. Editor. Baguio Midland Courier. （2016）
http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/supplement_article7.asp) Scott, William Henry. On the Cordillera. Manila: MCS Enterprises, 1969. ________. History on the Cordillera. Baguio City: Baguio Printing and Publishing Co. Inc., 1975.
Vanoverbergh, Morice. “Dress and Adornment in the Mountain Province of Luzon Philippine Islands.” Catholic
Anthropological Conference, Vol. I, No. 5 (November 1929), 181-244.
Wilcox, Cornelius De Witt. From Ifugao to Kalinga: A Ride Through the Mountains of Northern Luzon. Kansas City:
Franklin Hudson Publications, 1912.
Worcester, Dean C. “The Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon.” Philippine Journal of Science, Vol. I, No. 8
(October 1906).
WEBSITES
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277077654_Typology
of_the_Gangsa_Musical_Instruments_of_the_Kalingas_of_Northern_Philippines
http://matagoan.blogspot.com/2012/02/ullalim-festival-andethnic-identity.html.
www.culturalsurvival.com
http://www.camperspoint.com/The-Filipino-Hospitality).
http://matagoan.blogspot.com/2012/02/ullalim-festival-and- ethnic-identity.html
www.mirriam-webster.com
Copyright (c) 2019 IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research (ISSN: 2456-2971)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJRDO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
