STRATEGY FOR POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN AFRICA
Abstract
Several theories have sought to explain the prevalence of political instability and war in Africa since independence, culminating in the recent econometric tendency. One of the most representative cases in Africa, Sudan, has experienced insurgencies continuously for decades. It is argued in this article that to highlight the origins of insurgencies in Africa and Sudan, the economic realities need to be considered in their proper social and political contexts. To undertake this task a concept of "marginalizing state" based on a center–periphery approach is introduced, pointing to the continuing importance of colonial and pre–colonial governance legacies in Sudan.
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References
Many contemporary wars in Africa have elements linking them to the colonial legacy, or beyond.
Patrick Chabal and Jean–Pascal Daloz, Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument, Indiana University Press, 1999. Claude Ake, The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Dakar, Codesria, 2000, pp. 35–36; and Patrick Chabal, State and Governance: The Limits of Decentralisation, The Hague, SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, 2007, pp. 3–5.
This refers to Bayart's concept of "extraversion", a strategy which African leaders have used to obtain political and economic resources for local use. For more, see Jean–François Bayart, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, New York, Longman, 1993.
Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1996.
Macharia Munene, "Culture and the Economy: The Creation of Poverty", Kenyatta University Culture Week Seminar, 20 September 2001
See Chabal and Daloz, op. cit.
Daniel Posner, Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2005.
See e.g. Robert O. Collins, A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008; and Ole M. Gaasholt, "Resources and Other Sources of Power: Rebellion in Northern Mali", 3rd European Conference on African Studies, June 6–9, 2009.
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