Admission of Morocco into ECOWAS: Implications for Nigeria’s National Interests, ECOWAS, and EU.
Abstract
This paper seeks to examine the theoretical constructs under which the Moroccan membership within the ECOWAS demonstrates and poses tension, rivalries, leadership supremacy and challenges in the West African region. The puzzle in the context of this paper is to offer theoretical views and examination of key concepts, such as national interests, and foreign policy that are critical to the perspectives of the dynamics of state actors in the international system and how these are relevant to the Moroccan foreign policy in ECOWAS, Nigerian national interests and the European Union (EU).
Downloads
References
Abati, Reuben (2018) ‘’Nigeria, ECOWAS and the Morocco question.’’ Morocco World News. 29 March. At: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/03/243365/nigeria-ecowasmorocco/ [accessed 22/09/2018].
Abderrahim, Tasnim, and Aggad, Faten (2018) Starting afresh: The Maghreb’s relations with sub-Saharan Africa. Discussion Paper No. 225. ECDPM. At: https://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/DP-225-Starting-afresh-Maghreb-relations-sub-Saharan-Africa-ECDPMApr-2018.pdf [accessed 25/09/2018].
BBC (2018) ’’Western Sahara profile.’’ The BBC. 14 May. At: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115273 [accessed 22/09/2018].
Bennis, Samir (2017) ‘’Moroccan pragmatism: A new chapter for Western Sahara Samir Bennis.’’ Aljazeera. 13 February. At: https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/02/moroccan-pragmatism-chapter- westernsahara-170213074116469.html [accessed 25/05/2018]; Morocco
World News (2016) ‘’King Mohammed VI’s Visit to Nigeria to Give New Impetus to Bilateral Relations.’’ Morocco World News. 11 December. At: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/12/203528/king-mohammed-vis-visit-nigeriagive-new-impetus-bilateral-relations/ [accessed 26/09/2018].
Booth, Ken, and Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2008) The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Glaser, Charles L. (1997) ‘’The Security Dilemma Revisited,’’ World Politics 50(1): 171-201 Daily Trust (2017) ‘’West Africa: Whose Gain Is Morocco's Accession to ECOWAS?’’
Daily Trust. 13 July. https://allafrica.com/stories/201707130194.html [accessed 22/09/2018].
Dougherty, James, and Robert, Pfaltzgraff (2001) Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey. (5th edn.). Boston, US: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
ECOWAS Commission (2008) ‘’33rd Ordinary Session of the Head of State and Government Ouagadougou.’’ ECOWAS Commission. 18 January. At: http://www.unhcr.org/49e47c8f11.pdf [accessed 25/09/2018].
EI-Katiri, Mohammed (2015) ‘’From Assistance to Partnership: Morocco and its Foreign Policy in West Africa.’’ Strategic Studies Institute. The United States Army War College. At:
file:///C:/Users/r01odb14/Downloads/811456.pdf [accessed 25/09/2018].
Fabiani, Riccardo (2018) ‘’Morocco’s Difficult Path to ECOWAS Membership.’’ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 28 March. At: http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/75926 [accessed 22/09/2018].
Fafowora, Dapo (2017) ‘’Morocco seeks membership of ECOWAS.’’ The Nation. 10 August. At: http://thenationonlineng.net/morocco-seeks-membership-ecowas/ [accessed 22/09/2018].
Gabriel, Omoh (2017) ‘’EU’s EPA strategy detrimental to Africa – ECOWAS farmers.’’ Vanguard. 7 November. At: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/eus-epa-strategydetrimental-africa-ecowas-farmers/ [accessed 23/09/2018].
Gbonegun, Victor (2017) ‘’Experts warn against admitting Morocco into ECOWAS’’ The Nation. 7 December. At: https://guardian.ng/news/experts-warn-against-admitting-moroccointo-ecowas/ [accessed 23/09/2018].
Giles, Chris (2018) ‘’Nigeria rejects West Africa-EU free trade agreement.’’ The CNN. 6 April. At: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/06/africa/nigeria-free-trade-west-africaeu/index.html [accessed 23/09/2018].
Grieco, Joseph M. (1998) “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism,” International Organization 42(3): 485-507.
ISS Today (2017) ‘’ISS Today: Morocco and Algeria’s changing roles in managing migration.’’ ISS Today. 14 September. At: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-09- 14-iss-today-morocco-and-algerias-changing-roles-in-managing-migration/ [accessed 25/09/2018].
Jaye, Thomas; Garuba, Dauda and Amadi, Stella (2011) ‘’Introduction.’’ In: Jaye, Thomas; Garuba, Dauda and Amadi, Stella (eds.). ECOWAS and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peacebuilding. Dakar: CODESRIA, pp. 1-8.
Keohane, Robert and Nye, Joseph (1987) “Realism and Complex Interdependence.” In: V. Kauppi, Mark and Viotti, Paul (eds.). International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism and Beyond. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, pp. 307-318.
Khattabi, Hidaya L. and Karim, Mohamed (2018) ‘’Impact of Morocco-ECOWAS Economic Relations on Economic Growth in Morocco: An Analysis Using the ARDL Model,’’ International Journal of Economics and Finance 10(5): pp. 105-113.
Kydd, Andrew H. (2005) Trust and mistrust in international relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lamy, Steven (2008) “Contemporary mainstream Approaches: Neorealism and Neoliberalism.” In: Baylis, John; Steve, Smith and Owens, Patricia (eds.). The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. (4th edn.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 124-141.
Maiyaki, Bala (2012) A Handbook on the ECOWAS Treaty and Financial Institutions. Bloomington: Author House.
Messari, Nizar (2018) ‘’Morocco’s African Foreign Policy,’’ Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture No. 12.
Naji, Abderrahmane (2017) ‘’Morocco joins ECOWAS: The Economic Community of West African States.’’ Wall Street International Magazine. 17 August. At: https://wsimag.com/economy-and-politics/28150-morocco-joins-ecowas [accessed 23/09/2018].
Odinkalu, Chidi (2017) ‘’The Politics behind Morocco’s Entry into ECOWAS.’’ This Days. 17 November. At: https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/11/17/the-politics-behindmoroccos-entry-into-ecowas/ [accessed 22/09/2018].
Salau, Abdullateef (2017) ‘’West Africa: Bid for ECOWAS Membership - Morocco's Fate Hangs in the Balance.’’ Daily Trust. 17 December. At: https://allafrica.com/stories/201712190743.html [accessed 23/09/2018].
See full Speech of HM the King at 28th African Union Summit. Addis Ababa. 31 January
At: http://www.maroc.ma/en/royal-activities/full-speech-hm-king-28th-african-unionsummit [accessed 25/08/2019].
The Economist (2018) ‘’Why Morocco is cosying up to sub-Saharan Africa.’’ The Economist. 19 July. At: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/07/19/whymorocco-is-cosying-up-to-sub-saharan-africa [accessed 25/09/2018].
Wainscott, Ann M. (2018) ‘’Religious Regulation as Foreign Policy: Morocco’s Islamic Diplomacy in West Africa,’’ Politics and Religion 11. At: doi:10.1017/S1755048317000591 [accessed 25/09/2018].
Waltz (1979) Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Waltz, Kenneth (1959) Man, the State, and War. London: Columbia University Press.
Zoubir, Yahia H. (2010) ‘’The Unresolved Western Sahara Conflict and Its Repercussions,’’ Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) 4(2): 85-99.
Copyright (c) 2019 IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research (ISSN: 2456-2971)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJRDO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
