A Phonological Study of Hausa Loanwords in Mundang Language
Keywords:
languages, adaptation, Mundang, influence, Sub-Prefecture
Abstract
The early contact between Mundang and other languages like French, Arabic, Fulfulde, and Hausa had brought borrowing and adaptation of lexical words into the Mundang language. This study looks at the various domains and the changes found in the loanwords
The term Mundang refers both to the people and the language. The Mundang language is spoken in Western Chad, Extreme Northern Cameroon and North Eastern Nigeria. In Nigeria, the language is spoken in Numan, Demsa, Yola North and South and Mubi North and South local government areas of Adamawa state. According to Elders (2000) Mundang language has three dialects. The Kaélé Mundang is spoken in Cameroon specifically in the district of Bibémi, Djalaoumi. Padarmie, Vounré, Tiheré, Madjoldeu, Bikalé, Bideu, Makpuré Mafalé, Matsin, Moundanré, Mayo-loppé, Bidjomé, Majaola etc located in the Department of Benue, North region of the country.
The Léré Mundang dialect, considered to be the central form (standard), is spoken in Chad specifically in Mayo- kebbi in the sub-prefecture of Léré in the Western region of Chad. Moreover, there is Torrock Mundang which is spoken in the Sub-Prefecture of Pala, Mayo – Kebbi of Western region of Chad. All the Mundang dialects are spoken in the local government areas mentioned above as a result of early immigrations by the native speakers of the dialects from Cameroon and Chad.
According to Koslow (1995) Hausa is the most widely spoken language in West Africa. It is spoken by an estimated 22 million people. Another 17 million people speak Hausa as a second language.
The Hausa language exercises great influence over other languages because of its status as a lingua franca in northern Nigeria. This study examines the Hausa loanwords, in Mundang language.
References
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Abba M. and Zulyadaini B. (2000). Lingustic Borrowing as a Device for Maintaining
Rhyme in Hausa. MOJOLLS, vol II pp 97-106
Abdullahi, S. (2006). Loanwords in Kanuri : A Descriptive Analysis Saarbruken: Scholar, Press.
Abdurrahman B. K. (2002) Latin Loanwords in English. Unpublished B. A Project of University of Maiduguri.
Abraham, R. C (1958) Dictionary of the Hausa language. Printed in Great Britain
Abubakar, A (1994) . Language and Nigerian Culture. Kano Studies (New
Series) Vol. 13:2 pp 179-193
Abubakar, A.K (2015). The Phonological Adaptations of Loanwords in the Dictionary”Kalmaram Təlamyindia Kanori-faransa-a. Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University Of Maiduguri.
Alliance Biblique du Cameroun et du Tchad (1996). Third Edition : La bible révisée en Langue Moundang, Publiée sous le titre de BIBEL à NDJAMENA, Tchad.
Anderson, J.M (1973). Structural Aspects of Language Change. New York: Longman
Antilla, R. (1972) An introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. New York: Macmillan
Arokoyo, B.E. (2013) Unlocking Morphology.Ilorin:Chridamel Publishing House
Baba, A.T. (1998) Hausa Spoken as L 2 in Jos/Bukuru: Background and Form.
Maiduguri: Faculty of Arts, University of Maiduguri
Bagari, D.M. (1985). Phonological Adaptation of Borrowed Words in Hausa. Harsunan Nijeriya vol. xiii, 56- 70
Baker, C and Jones, S.P. (1998) Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual
Education. Wales University: University Press
Baldi, S. (1995). On Semantics of Arabic Loanwords in Hausa. In
Fraizynger, Z.(Ed) Current Progress in Chadic Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
_______ (1990). Some Remarks on Arabic Loanwords in Hausa: Hans
Mukarovsky (Ed). Proceedigs of the Fifth International Hamito-Semitic Congress, Vienna: Afro-Pub.
_______ (1991) A Comparison of Arabic Laonwords Common to Hausa and
Kanuri, Wien, institute for Afrikanistikun Ecygyplologie de Universitat
Baldi, S. (1992) Arabic Loanwords in Hausa via Kanuri and Fulfulde. Wien, Institute for Afrikanistikund Encyclopedie de Universitat.
Baldi, S.(1995). On Arabic Loans in Yoruba. A Paper Presented at the Annual Conference on African Linguistics, Los Angeles: From March 24th -26th, 1995.
________(1997). Hausa and Nilo-Sahara Loanwords. In Baldi, S (Ed), Langues et Contact et Langues en Zone Sahelo-Saharienne: 3 E Table Ronde Du Reseau diffusion Lexical, NAPOLI : I.O.U
Bargary, G.P (1993) A Hausa –English Dictionary and English-Hausa
Vocabulary: Zaria: Second Edition Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited.
Bedu, A. M (2010) A Minimalist Analysis of Hausa Determiner Phrase: Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri.
Bendor-Samuel, J. (1989).The Niger-Congo Languages. PP 178-188 University Press of America, inc.
Bliss, A. J. (1996). A Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases in English. England: Gashman Old Working Survey.
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston
Bolinger, D. (1975). Aspect of Language. New York : Harcort Brace JavanovicInc, (Revised)
Brann, C.M.B (1995). Urban Linguistics in Nigeria; The Examples of Language use in Maiduguri Metropolis” In Ibriszmov, D. and Leger, R(Eds) Studia Chdica et, Hemitosemitica Koln Rediger Koppe Verlag pp 384-399.
Bulakarima, U. (1999). Kanuri Loanwords in Gudiranci. MAJOLLS Vol. I PP 66-70
Busa, M.A (2000). A Linguistic Study of Hausa Loanwords in Gbagyi.An
Unpublished M.A Thesis, Department of African Language and Cultures Zaria, Ahmadu Bello University,
_______ (2008). Hausa Loanwords Study of Hausa and Gbangyi speech sounds.
Vol, 1, pp 12-28
______ (2012). A comparative study of Hausa and Gbagyi sounds systems:
Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Bynon, T. (1979). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Capuz, G. J. (1997). Toward a Typological Classification of Linguistic Borrowing (Illustrated with Anglicisms in Romance Languages). Retrieved from http:.//www.//google.com.ng on 2ndjuly, 2018.
Collin, B.and Sylvia P. J. (1998). Encyclopedia of Britannica, and Bilingual Education. PP 347-349 Multilingual Matters.
Crystal, D. (1988). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. NY Basil, Blackwell
Darbelnet, J. (1976). Le français en Contact avec L’anglais en Amérique du Nord. Québec
Dagou, P. (1986) Les Millieu Ruraux Afrique au sud Sahara Cas du Pays Mundang au Tchad. University Paul Vallery France These de Doctorat.
Deroy, L. (1980), L’enprunt linguistique Pari: Les Belles Lettres
Dikwa, K.A. (1988). Arabic Loanwords in Kanuri. Unpublished M.A
Dissertation, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri
---------- (2006). Loanwords in Kanuri’ Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Maiduguri.
Dil, A. S.I. (Ed) (1979). Variation and Change in Language. Stanford: University Press, Stanford, California.
Djondang, E. (2004) Au pays de Mundang, L’Harmmatan. Retrieved from,http//www.google.com.ng on the December, 5th 2015.
Dunstan E. (1969, 2nd edit), Twelve Nigerian Languages, A Handbook on their Sound Systems for Teachers of English. Great Britain: Fletcher and Son Ltd, Norwich
Elders, S. (2000). GrammairMundang,Retrieved from http/www./google.com.ng on the December 5th 2015
Ennaji M. (1995). A Syntactico-Semantic: Study of the Language of News in Morocco International Journal of the Sociology of Language 112, p.97-111.
Evans, W.M. (2014). Morphophonological changes of Borrowed Word from
English to Lubukusu Dialect of Western Kenya.Retrieved from http://www./google.com.ng Retrieved on July 16th, 2017
Fatima, M.K. (2013). The Study of Loanwords in the Dictionary of the Kanuri
Language, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri
Field, F. (2002). Linguistic Borrowing in Bilingual Contexts. Benjamin Publishing Company
Fromkin, V. and Rodman, R. (1973). An Introduction to Language. London: Rhine Hart
Greenberg, J.H (1974). Arabic Loan words in Hausa. Word III:85-97.
__________ (1960) Linguistic Evidence for the Influence of the Kanuri on the
Hausa Journal of African History, I: pp. 205-212.
__________ (1964).Study of Language Contact in Africa, Symposium on Multilingualism. Pp. 169-175.
Hartman, R.K.K & Stock, F.C. (1972). Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
London: Applied Science Publishers.
Haugen E. (1950) The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing.Retrieved on the 27th January, 2018 from www.google.com.ng
_________ (1969) The Norwegian Language in America: A study in Bilingual
Behaviour. Philadelpia: University of Pennsylvania press.
_________ (1972) The Ecology of Language. Stanford California: Standard University Press.
Hockett, C.F. (1963). A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York: The Macmillan Company
Hoffer, L. B. (2002) Language Borrowing and Language Diffusion: An Overview Trinity University Publication
Hoffmann C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism. London: Longman
Hock, H. and Joseph B. (2021). Loanword. Retrieved on the 27th February, 2021 from www. wikipedia
Holden, K. (1972). Assimilation Rates of Borrowing and Phonological
Productivity Language vol. 52:1
Hooper, J.P (1976), An Introduction to National General Phonology, New York
Academic Press.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/morphophonology. Retrieved on 3rd Jan., 2018
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/morphophonology. Retrieved on 15th Jan., 2018
http://psychology:wikia.com/wiki/morphophonoly. Retrieved on 16th Jan., 2018
Humbley, J. (1974). Vers une typologie de l’enprunt linguistique Cahier de Lexicologie
Islam R.A. (2011), The Morphology of Loanwords in Urdu: The Persian, Arabic, and English strands Ph.D Unpublished Thesis, School of English and Literature, Languages and Linguistics Newcastle University https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hausa Nigeria. Retrieved on 13th February, 2018.
Jean, F. S. and Tommaso, D. (2001). Compiled by the Arden Academy Retrieved from http://www.glossopiesis.net on the 20 October, 2016.
Kalgong, Z. (1990). Le Pays Mundang du nord Cameroun, vie politique et
Administrative sous Mandat François. Université de Yaoundé.
Kenstowics, M. (2003). The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean loanwords, lingphil.mit.edu. Korea Academic Press.
Kidda, M. (1979). A Study of English Loanwords in Hausa. A Phonological
Approach. University Unpublished M.A Dissertation: Southern Illinois University
Koslow, P. (1995). Hausaland: The Fotress Kingdoms of Africa. New York: Chelsea House Publishers
Langacker R.W. (1967). Language and its Structure : Some Fundamental Linguistic Concepts, New York: Harcourt Brace and world Inc.
Leedy, P.D. (1974). Practical Research: New York: Planning and Design.
Macmillan.
Money, M. (2019). The History of Loanwords in English and Its Impact on the English lexicon.
Journal of Critical Reviews Vol.6 Issue 6
Muhammad, A. B. (1987). A Linguistic Study of the Notivization of English Loanwords in Gombe Fulfulde. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Bayero University Kano.
Nadro P.J. (2013). The History and Culture of the Laka People of Adamawa State of Nigeria. http://plus.google.com/114297917636777962835/post/3VqrAKkYUCg. Retrieved on the 15 July, 2017
Ngaidandi, N. (2013). Morphology of Nouns in Tupuri. Unpublished M.A Dissertation. University of Maiduguri
Pagouh, R. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Mundang Kaélé and Léré Dialect and Morphological Processes. Unpublished project, University of Maiduguri
Pratt, C. (1980), El anglicismo en el espaňol peninsuilar contemporáneo. Madrid: Gredo
Richards, N. (2019). Linguistic Borrowing.
www.thoughtco. Retrieved on 27th February, 2021
Romaine, S. (1989) Bilingualism. Basil, Oxfort Blackwell.
Rothmaler ,E (2006). Incorporation of Arabic Loans into Kanuri. MAJOLLS PP 123-134.Vol.VIII
Sa’id, M. (1967) Lexical Innovation through Borrowing in Modern Standard Arabic: Princeton University Publication, Princeton.
Salim, B. A. (1981) Linguistic Borrowing as External Evidence in Phonology the Assimilation of English Loanwords in Hausa. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of New York.
Schuh, R. G. (2003). The Linguistic Influence of Kanuri on Bade and Ngizim. MAJOLLS vol.5 pp55-89.
Shettima, A.K. and Bulakarima, S.U. (2012). Introductory Kanuri Morphology
Faculty of Arts, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri
Smeaton B.H., (1973). Lexical Expansion Due to Technical Change. Bloomington. Indiana University Publications
Thompson, G. L. and Kaufman T. (1988) Language, Cre,olization and Genetic Linguistics Retrived on 29th January, 2018. From www.google. Com.ng
Trager, G. L. (1972). Languages and Languages San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co.
Treffers-Daller, J. (2007). Borrowing. Retrieved on 29th January, 2018. From www.google.com.ng
Owens, J. (2000) Loanwords in Nigerian Arabic: Arabic as a Minority Language.Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gryter.
Vervaet, R. (2007) ‘‘English loanwords in the Chinese Lexicon’’.Retrieved on the 29th January, 2018. From www.google.com.ng
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact. New York: Linguistics Circle, The
Hague: Mouton
Whitney, W. D. (1897) Life and Growth of Language. New York: Appleton and Co.
Yahaya, I. Y. (1988). Hausa A Rubuce : Tariyin Rubuce Rubuce Cikin Hausa. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Ltd.
Yule G. (1997). The Study of Language. London: Cambridge University press.
Abba M. and Zulyadaini B. (2000). Lingustic Borrowing as a Device for Maintaining
Rhyme in Hausa. MOJOLLS, vol II pp 97-106
Abdullahi, S. (2006). Loanwords in Kanuri : A Descriptive Analysis Saarbruken: Scholar, Press.
Abdurrahman B. K. (2002) Latin Loanwords in English. Unpublished B. A Project of University of Maiduguri.
Abraham, R. C (1958) Dictionary of the Hausa language. Printed in Great Britain
Abubakar, A (1994) . Language and Nigerian Culture. Kano Studies (New
Series) Vol. 13:2 pp 179-193
Abubakar, A.K (2015). The Phonological Adaptations of Loanwords in the Dictionary”Kalmaram Təlamyindia Kanori-faransa-a. Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University Of Maiduguri.
Alliance Biblique du Cameroun et du Tchad (1996). Third Edition : La bible révisée en Langue Moundang, Publiée sous le titre de BIBEL à NDJAMENA, Tchad.
Anderson, J.M (1973). Structural Aspects of Language Change. New York: Longman
Antilla, R. (1972) An introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. New York: Macmillan
Arokoyo, B.E. (2013) Unlocking Morphology.Ilorin:Chridamel Publishing House
Baba, A.T. (1998) Hausa Spoken as L 2 in Jos/Bukuru: Background and Form.
Maiduguri: Faculty of Arts, University of Maiduguri
Bagari, D.M. (1985). Phonological Adaptation of Borrowed Words in Hausa. Harsunan Nijeriya vol. xiii, 56- 70
Baker, C and Jones, S.P. (1998) Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual
Education. Wales University: University Press
Baldi, S. (1995). On Semantics of Arabic Loanwords in Hausa. In
Fraizynger, Z.(Ed) Current Progress in Chadic Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
_______ (1990). Some Remarks on Arabic Loanwords in Hausa: Hans
Mukarovsky (Ed). Proceedigs of the Fifth International Hamito-Semitic Congress, Vienna: Afro-Pub.
_______ (1991) A Comparison of Arabic Laonwords Common to Hausa and
Kanuri, Wien, institute for Afrikanistikun Ecygyplologie de Universitat
Baldi, S. (1992) Arabic Loanwords in Hausa via Kanuri and Fulfulde. Wien, Institute for Afrikanistikund Encyclopedie de Universitat.
Baldi, S.(1995). On Arabic Loans in Yoruba. A Paper Presented at the Annual Conference on African Linguistics, Los Angeles: From March 24th -26th, 1995.
________(1997). Hausa and Nilo-Sahara Loanwords. In Baldi, S (Ed), Langues et Contact et Langues en Zone Sahelo-Saharienne: 3 E Table Ronde Du Reseau diffusion Lexical, NAPOLI : I.O.U
Bargary, G.P (1993) A Hausa –English Dictionary and English-Hausa
Vocabulary: Zaria: Second Edition Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited.
Bedu, A. M (2010) A Minimalist Analysis of Hausa Determiner Phrase: Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri.
Bendor-Samuel, J. (1989).The Niger-Congo Languages. PP 178-188 University Press of America, inc.
Bliss, A. J. (1996). A Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases in English. England: Gashman Old Working Survey.
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston
Bolinger, D. (1975). Aspect of Language. New York : Harcort Brace JavanovicInc, (Revised)
Brann, C.M.B (1995). Urban Linguistics in Nigeria; The Examples of Language use in Maiduguri Metropolis” In Ibriszmov, D. and Leger, R(Eds) Studia Chdica et, Hemitosemitica Koln Rediger Koppe Verlag pp 384-399.
Bulakarima, U. (1999). Kanuri Loanwords in Gudiranci. MAJOLLS Vol. I PP 66-70
Busa, M.A (2000). A Linguistic Study of Hausa Loanwords in Gbagyi.An
Unpublished M.A Thesis, Department of African Language and Cultures Zaria, Ahmadu Bello University,
_______ (2008). Hausa Loanwords Study of Hausa and Gbangyi speech sounds.
Vol, 1, pp 12-28
______ (2012). A comparative study of Hausa and Gbagyi sounds systems:
Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Bynon, T. (1979). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Capuz, G. J. (1997). Toward a Typological Classification of Linguistic Borrowing (Illustrated with Anglicisms in Romance Languages). Retrieved from http:.//www.//google.com.ng on 2ndjuly, 2018.
Collin, B.and Sylvia P. J. (1998). Encyclopedia of Britannica, and Bilingual Education. PP 347-349 Multilingual Matters.
Crystal, D. (1988). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. NY Basil, Blackwell
Darbelnet, J. (1976). Le français en Contact avec L’anglais en Amérique du Nord. Québec
Dagou, P. (1986) Les Millieu Ruraux Afrique au sud Sahara Cas du Pays Mundang au Tchad. University Paul Vallery France These de Doctorat.
Deroy, L. (1980), L’enprunt linguistique Pari: Les Belles Lettres
Dikwa, K.A. (1988). Arabic Loanwords in Kanuri. Unpublished M.A
Dissertation, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri
---------- (2006). Loanwords in Kanuri’ Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Maiduguri.
Dil, A. S.I. (Ed) (1979). Variation and Change in Language. Stanford: University Press, Stanford, California.
Djondang, E. (2004) Au pays de Mundang, L’Harmmatan. Retrieved from,http//www.google.com.ng on the December, 5th 2015.
Dunstan E. (1969, 2nd edit), Twelve Nigerian Languages, A Handbook on their Sound Systems for Teachers of English. Great Britain: Fletcher and Son Ltd, Norwich
Elders, S. (2000). GrammairMundang,Retrieved from http/www./google.com.ng on the December 5th 2015
Ennaji M. (1995). A Syntactico-Semantic: Study of the Language of News in Morocco International Journal of the Sociology of Language 112, p.97-111.
Evans, W.M. (2014). Morphophonological changes of Borrowed Word from
English to Lubukusu Dialect of Western Kenya.Retrieved from http://www./google.com.ng Retrieved on July 16th, 2017
Fatima, M.K. (2013). The Study of Loanwords in the Dictionary of the Kanuri
Language, Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri
Field, F. (2002). Linguistic Borrowing in Bilingual Contexts. Benjamin Publishing Company
Fromkin, V. and Rodman, R. (1973). An Introduction to Language. London: Rhine Hart
Greenberg, J.H (1974). Arabic Loan words in Hausa. Word III:85-97.
__________ (1960) Linguistic Evidence for the Influence of the Kanuri on the
Hausa Journal of African History, I: pp. 205-212.
__________ (1964).Study of Language Contact in Africa, Symposium on Multilingualism. Pp. 169-175.
Hartman, R.K.K & Stock, F.C. (1972). Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
London: Applied Science Publishers.
Haugen E. (1950) The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing.Retrieved on the 27th January, 2018 from www.google.com.ng
_________ (1969) The Norwegian Language in America: A study in Bilingual
Behaviour. Philadelpia: University of Pennsylvania press.
_________ (1972) The Ecology of Language. Stanford California: Standard University Press.
Hockett, C.F. (1963). A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York: The Macmillan Company
Hoffer, L. B. (2002) Language Borrowing and Language Diffusion: An Overview Trinity University Publication
Hoffmann C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism. London: Longman
Hock, H. and Joseph B. (2021). Loanword. Retrieved on the 27th February, 2021 from www. wikipedia
Holden, K. (1972). Assimilation Rates of Borrowing and Phonological
Productivity Language vol. 52:1
Hooper, J.P (1976), An Introduction to National General Phonology, New York
Academic Press.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/morphophonology. Retrieved on 3rd Jan., 2018
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/morphophonology. Retrieved on 15th Jan., 2018
http://psychology:wikia.com/wiki/morphophonoly. Retrieved on 16th Jan., 2018
Humbley, J. (1974). Vers une typologie de l’enprunt linguistique Cahier de Lexicologie
Islam R.A. (2011), The Morphology of Loanwords in Urdu: The Persian, Arabic, and English strands Ph.D Unpublished Thesis, School of English and Literature, Languages and Linguistics Newcastle University https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hausa Nigeria. Retrieved on 13th February, 2018.
Jean, F. S. and Tommaso, D. (2001). Compiled by the Arden Academy Retrieved from http://www.glossopiesis.net on the 20 October, 2016.
Kalgong, Z. (1990). Le Pays Mundang du nord Cameroun, vie politique et
Administrative sous Mandat François. Université de Yaoundé.
Kenstowics, M. (2003). The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean loanwords, lingphil.mit.edu. Korea Academic Press.
Kidda, M. (1979). A Study of English Loanwords in Hausa. A Phonological
Approach. University Unpublished M.A Dissertation: Southern Illinois University
Koslow, P. (1995). Hausaland: The Fotress Kingdoms of Africa. New York: Chelsea House Publishers
Langacker R.W. (1967). Language and its Structure : Some Fundamental Linguistic Concepts, New York: Harcourt Brace and world Inc.
Leedy, P.D. (1974). Practical Research: New York: Planning and Design.
Macmillan.
Money, M. (2019). The History of Loanwords in English and Its Impact on the English lexicon.
Journal of Critical Reviews Vol.6 Issue 6
Muhammad, A. B. (1987). A Linguistic Study of the Notivization of English Loanwords in Gombe Fulfulde. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Bayero University Kano.
Nadro P.J. (2013). The History and Culture of the Laka People of Adamawa State of Nigeria. http://plus.google.com/114297917636777962835/post/3VqrAKkYUCg. Retrieved on the 15 July, 2017
Ngaidandi, N. (2013). Morphology of Nouns in Tupuri. Unpublished M.A Dissertation. University of Maiduguri
Pagouh, R. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Mundang Kaélé and Léré Dialect and Morphological Processes. Unpublished project, University of Maiduguri
Pratt, C. (1980), El anglicismo en el espaňol peninsuilar contemporáneo. Madrid: Gredo
Richards, N. (2019). Linguistic Borrowing.
www.thoughtco. Retrieved on 27th February, 2021
Romaine, S. (1989) Bilingualism. Basil, Oxfort Blackwell.
Rothmaler ,E (2006). Incorporation of Arabic Loans into Kanuri. MAJOLLS PP 123-134.Vol.VIII
Sa’id, M. (1967) Lexical Innovation through Borrowing in Modern Standard Arabic: Princeton University Publication, Princeton.
Salim, B. A. (1981) Linguistic Borrowing as External Evidence in Phonology the Assimilation of English Loanwords in Hausa. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of New York.
Schuh, R. G. (2003). The Linguistic Influence of Kanuri on Bade and Ngizim. MAJOLLS vol.5 pp55-89.
Shettima, A.K. and Bulakarima, S.U. (2012). Introductory Kanuri Morphology
Faculty of Arts, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri
Smeaton B.H., (1973). Lexical Expansion Due to Technical Change. Bloomington. Indiana University Publications
Thompson, G. L. and Kaufman T. (1988) Language, Cre,olization and Genetic Linguistics Retrived on 29th January, 2018. From www.google. Com.ng
Trager, G. L. (1972). Languages and Languages San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co.
Treffers-Daller, J. (2007). Borrowing. Retrieved on 29th January, 2018. From www.google.com.ng
Owens, J. (2000) Loanwords in Nigerian Arabic: Arabic as a Minority Language.Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gryter.
Vervaet, R. (2007) ‘‘English loanwords in the Chinese Lexicon’’.Retrieved on the 29th January, 2018. From www.google.com.ng
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact. New York: Linguistics Circle, The
Hague: Mouton
Whitney, W. D. (1897) Life and Growth of Language. New York: Appleton and Co.
Yahaya, I. Y. (1988). Hausa A Rubuce : Tariyin Rubuce Rubuce Cikin Hausa. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Ltd.
Yule G. (1997). The Study of Language. London: Cambridge University press.
Published
2024-06-13
How to Cite
Ezekiel Kefas Etienne. (2024). A Phonological Study of Hausa Loanwords in Mundang Language. IJRDO Journal of Language, Gender and Literature Studies, 2(1), 1-35. Retrieved from https://ijrdo.org/index.php/lgls/article/view/6094
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