Circannual rhythms in birds
Abstract
Circannual rhythms are shown to mediate a wide range of seasonal and annual processes and
help the animals to plan these events at most favourable time of the year. They are self
sustained biological oscillations with a period close to 12 months and are entrained by both
photic and non-photic cues. The understanding of the circannual rhythm would help us know
the temporal adaptation in animals. The present review outlines the basics of circannual
rhythms, its interaction with environmental factors, differences between the two mechanisms
that regulate seasonal responses in organisms i.e. photoperiodism and circannual rhythm, and
also present some experiments which have demonstrated circannual rhythm in reproduction,
migration and molt behaviour of birds.
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